Detection and Measurement of Gas Concentration Using Infrared Single Pixel Camera

eng Article in English DOI: 10.14313/PAR_261/29

send Sebastian Urbaś *, Robert Olbrycht *, Bogusław Więcek *, Krzysztof Szajewski **, Anna Szajewska *** * Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Electronics, Al. Politechniki 6, Lodz, 90-924, Poland ** Military University of Technology, Faculty of Cybernetics, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2 Street, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland *** Fire University, Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, 52/54 Słowackiego Street, Warsaw, 01-629, Poland

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Abstract

This paper presents an innovative method for detecting and quantifying carbon dioxide CO2 using a Single Pixel Camera (SPC) operating in the Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) spectral range. Instead of a conventional detector array, the system employs a single HgCdTe photodetector coupled with a rotating Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) encoded with cyclic Hadamard masks. Image reconstruction is performed mathematically based on sequential measurements which enable both image quality improvement and interpolation with a reduced number of samples. The developed system allows for the generation of two-dimensional images of infrared radiation distribution attenuated by the presence of CO2, enabling remote estimation of its concentration. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a controlled gas chamber and a reference photoacoustic sensor. The results confirm the system’s capability to accurately measure CO2 concentrations in the range 1,000–32,500 ppm, with an expanded uncertainty not exceeding 6 %. The proposed technology combines low detector cost with high sensitivity and spatial imaging capabilities. It shows promising potential for applications in environmental monitoring, gas leak detection, and compact systems for atmospheric and air quality analysis.

Keywords

CO2 MWIR absorption, Hadamard cyclic matrix, single pixel IR camera

Detekcja i pomiar stężenia gazu z wykorzystaniem jednopikselowej kamery termowizyjnej

Streszczenie

W artykule przedstawiono innowacyjną metodę detekcji i ilościowego pomiaru dwutlenku węgla (CO2) z wykorzystaniem kamery jednopikselowej (SPC) działającej w zakresie podczerwieni średniofalowej (MWIR). Zamiast konwencjonalnej matrycy detektorów, system wykorzystuje pojedynczy fotodetektor HgCdTe sprzężony z obrotowym przestrzennym modulatorem światła (SLM) kodowanym cyklicznymi maskami Hadamarda. Rekonstrukcja obrazu jest realizowana matematycznie w oparciu o pomiary sekwencyjne, co umożliwia zarówno poprawę jakości obrazu, jak również interpolację przy ograniczonej liczbie próbek. Opracowany system pozwala na generowanie dwuwymiarowych obrazów rozkładu promieniowania podczerwonego osłabionego obecnością CO2, umożliwiając zdalną ocenę jego stężenia. Eksperymenty laboratoryjne przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem kontrolowanej komory gazowej i referencyjnego czujnika fotoakustycznego. Wyniki potwierdzają zdolność systemu do dokładnego pomiaru stężeń CO2 w zakresie 1000–32 500 ppm, z błędem nieprzekraczającym 6 %. Proponowana technologia łączy niski koszt detektora z wysoką czułością i możliwościami obrazowania przestrzennego. Wykazuje ona obiecujący potencjał w zastosowaniach w monitoringu środowiska, wykrywaniu wycieków gazu oraz w kompaktowych systemach do analizy jakości powietrza i atmosfery.

Słowa kluczowe

absorpcja CO2 MWIR, jednopikselowa kamera termowizyjna

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